108 Way Sugar Can
Ruin Your Health
In addition to throwing off
the body's homeostasis, excess sugar may result
in a number of other significant consequences.
The following is a listing of some of sugar's
metabolic consequences from a variety of medical
journals and other scientific publications.
1. Sugar can suppress the
immune system.
2. Sugar can upset the
body's mineral balance.
3. Sugar can cause
hyperactivity, anxiety, concentration
difficulties, and crankiness in children.
4. Sugar can cause
drowsiness and decreased activity in children.
5. Sugar can adversely
affect children's school grades.
6. Sugar can produce a
significant rise in triglycerides.
7. Sugar contributes to a
weakened defense against bacterial infection.
8. Sugar can cause kidney
damage.
9. Sugar can reduce helpful
high density cholesterol (HDLs).
10. Sugar can promote an
elevation of harmful cholesterol (LDLs).
11. Sugar may lead to
chromium deficiency.
12. Sugar can cause copper
deficiency.
13. Sugar interferes with
absorption of calcium and magnesium.
14. Sugar may lead to cancer
of the breast, ovaries, prostate, and rectum.
15. Sugar can cause colon
cancer, with an increased risk in women.
16. Sugar can be a risk
factor in gall bladder cancer.
17. Sugar can increase
fasting levels of blood glucose.
18. Sugar can weaken
eyesight.
19. Sugar raises the level
of a neurotransmitter called serotonin, which
can narrow blood vessels.
20. Sugar can cause
hypoglycemia.
21. Sugar can produce an
acidic stomach.
22. Sugar can raise
adrenaline levels in children.
23. Sugar can increase the
risk of coronary heart disease.
24. Sugar can speed the
aging process, causing wrinkles and grey hair.
25. Sugar can lead to
alcoholism.
26. Sugar can promote tooth
decay.
27. Sugar can contribute to
weight gain and obesity.
28. High intake of sugar
increases the risk of Crohn's disease and
ulcerative colitis.
29. Sugar can cause a raw,
inflamed intestinal tract in persons with
gastric or duodenal ulcers.
30. Sugar can cause
arthritis
31. Sugar can cause asthma.
32. Sugar can cause
candidiasis (yeast infection).
33. Sugar can lead to the
formation of gallstones.
34. Sugar can lead to the
formation of kidney stones.
35. Sugar can cause ischemic
heart disease.
36. Sugar can cause
appendicitis.
37. Sugar can exacerbate the
symptoms of multiple sclerosis.
38. Sugar can indirectly
cause hemorrhoids.
39. Sugar can cause varicose
veins.
40. Sugar can elevate
glucose and insulin responses in oral
contraception users.
41. Sugar can lead to
periodontal disease.
42. Sugar can contribute to
osteoporosis.
43. Sugar contributes to
saliva acidity.
44. Sugar can cause a
decrease in insulin sensitivity.
45. Sugar leads to decreased
glucose tolerance.
46. Sugar can decrease
growth hormone.
47. Sugar can increase total
cholesterol.
48. Sugar can increase
systolic blood pressure.
49. Sugar can change the
structure of protein causing interference with
protein absorption.
50. Sugar causes food
allergies.
51. Sugar can contribute to
diabetes.
52. Sugar can cause toxemia
during pregnancy.
53. Sugar can contribute to
eczema in children.
54. Sugar can cause
cardiovascular disease.
55. Sugar can impair the
structure of DNA.
56. Sugar can cause
cataracts.
57. Sugar can cause
emphysema.
58. Sugar can cause
atherosclerosis.
59. Sugar can cause free
radical formation in the bloodstream.
60. Sugar lowers the
enzymes' ability to function.
61. Sugar can cause loss of
tissue elasticity and function.
62. Sugar can cause liver
cells to divide, increasing the size of the
liver.
63. Sugar can increase the
amount of fat in the liver.
64. Sugar can increase
kidney size and produce pathological changes
in the kidney.
65. Sugar can overstress the
pancreas, causing damage.
66. Sugar can increase the
body's fluid retention.
67. Sugar can cause
constipation.
68. Sugar can cause myopia
(nearsightedness).
69. Sugar can compromise the
lining of the capillaries.
70. Sugar can cause
hypertension.
71. Sugar can cause
headaches, including migraines.
72. Sugar can cause an
increase in delat, alpha and theta brain
waves, which can alter the mind's ability to
think clearly.
73. Sugar can cause
depression.
74. Sugar can increase
insulin responses in those consuming
high-sugar diets compared to low sugar diets.
75. Sugar increases
bacterial fermentation in the colon.
76. Sugar can cause hormonal
imbalance.
77. Sugar can increase blood
platelet adhesiveness which increases risk of
blood clots.
78. Sugar increases the risk
of Alzheimer Disease.
74. Sugar can cause a
increase in delta, alpha and theta brain
waves.
75. Sugar can cause
depression.
76. Sugar increases the risk
of gastric cancer.
77. Sugar and cause
dyspepsia (indigestion).
78. Sugar can increase your
risk of getting gout.
79. The ingestion of sugar
can increase the levels of glucose in an oral
glucose tolerance test over the ingestion of
complex carbohydrates.
80. Sugar can increase the
insulin responses in humans consuming
high-sugar diets compared to low sugar diets.
81 Sugar increases bacterial
fermentation in the colon.
82. Sugar increases the risk
of colon cancer in women.
83. There is a greater risk
for Chron's disease with people who have a
high intake of sugar.
84. Sugar can cause platelet
adhesiveness.
85. Sugar can cause hormonal
imbalance.
86. Sugar can lead to the
formation of kidney stones.
87. Sugar can lead to the
hypothalamus to become highly sensitive to a
large variety of stimuli.
88. Sugar can lead to
dizziness.
89. High sucrose diet
significantly increases serum insulin.
90. High sucrose diets of
subjects with peripheral vascular disease
significantly increases platelet adhesion.
91. High sugar diet can lead
to biliary tract cancer.
92. High sugar diets tend to
be lower in antioxidant micro nutrients.
93. High sugar consumption
of pregnant adolescents is associated with a
twofold increased risk for delivering a
small-for- gestational-age (SGA) infant.
94. High sugar consumption
can lead to substantial decrease in gestation
duration among adolescents with high sugar
diets.
95. Sugar slows food's
travel time through the gastrointestinal
tract.
96. Sugar increases the
concentration of bile acids in stools and
bacterial enzymes in the colon can modify bile
to produce cancer-causing compounds and colon
cancer.
97. Sugar is associated with
a substantial decrease in normal time of
gestation among adolescents.
98. Sugar can cause a
depletion in chromium which is tied to the
development and progression of
nearsightedness.
99. Sugar can be a risk
factor of gallbladder cancer.
100. Sugar is an addictive
substance.
101. Sugar can be
intoxicating, similar to alcohol.
102. Sugar can exacerbate
PMS.
103. Sugar suppresses
lymphocytes.
104. Decrease in sugar can
increase emotional stability.
105. The body changes sugar
into 2 to 5 times more fat in the bloodstream
than it does starch.
106. Sugar can cause
inappropriate behavior and decreased
performance in children.
107. Sugar can worsen the
symptoms of children with attention deficit
disorder (ADD).
108. The sugar in chewing
gum can cause dental caries.

Bibliography
1. A. Sanchez, et al.
"Role of Sugars in Human Neutrophilic
Phagocytosis."American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, November 1973, pp. 1180-1184
2. F. Couizy, C. Keen,
M.E.Gershwin, and F.P. Mareschi.Nutritional
Implications of the Interaction between
Minerals. Progressive Food and Nutrition Science
17, 1933, 65-87.
3. J. Goldman, et al.
"Behavioral Effects of Sucrose on Preschool
Children," Journal of Abnormal Child
Psychology. 14 1986 565-577.
4. D. Behar, J. Rapoport, Berg
C., Adams, and M. Cornblat. "Sugar Testing
with Children Considered Behaviorally Sugar
Reactive. Nutritional Behavior 1 1984 277-288
5. Alexander Schausss. Diet,
Crime and Delinquecny (Berkeley, CA: Parker
House 1981)
6. S. Scanto and John Yudkin.
"The Effect of Dietary Sucronse on Blood
Lipids, Serum, Insulin, Platelet Adhesiveness
and Body Weith in Human Volunteers. Postgraduate
Medicine Jmournal 45: 1969 602-607
7. W. Rinsdor, E. Cheraskin,
and R. Ramsay. "Sucrose Neutrophlic
Phagocystosis and Resistance to Disease. Dental
Survey 52. 12 1976 46-48.
8. J. Yudkin, S. Kang, and K.
Bruckdorfer. "Effects of High Dietary
Sugar." British Journal of Medicine 281,
November 22, 1980,p. 1396.
9. Ibid.
10. Lewis GF , Steiner G Acute
effects of insulin in the control of VLDL
production in humans. Implications for
theinsulin-resistant state. Department of
Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.
Diabetes Care 1996 Apr;19(4):390-3 R. Pamplona,
M.J. Bellmunt, M. Portero, and J. Prat.
"Mechanisms of Glycation in Atherogenesis."
Medical Hypotheses 40, 1990, pp. 174-181.
11. A. Kozlovsky, et al.
"Effects of Diets High in Simple Sugars on
Urinary Chromium Losses." Metabolism 35,
June 1986, pp. 515-518.
12. M. Fields, et al.
"Effect of Copper Deficiency on Metabolism
and Mortality in Rats Fed Sucrose or Starch
Diets." Journal of Clinical Nutrition 113,
1983, pp. 1335-1345.
13 "Sugar and Prostate
Cancer." Health Express, October, 1982, p.
41.
14. R.M. Bostick, J.D. Potter,
L.H. Kushi, et al. "Sugar, Meat, and Fat
Intake, and Non-dietary Risk Factors for Colon
Cancer Incidence in Iowa Women." Cancer
Causes and Controls 5, 1994, pp. 38-52.
15. Clara Moerman, et al.
"Dietary Sugar Intake in the Etiology of
Biliary Tract Cancer." lnternational
Journal of Epidemiology 22, No.2, 1993,
pp.207-214.
16. J. Kelsay, et al.
"Diets High in Glucose or Sucrose and Young
Women." American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition 27, 1974, pp. 926-936.
17. J. Lemann. "Evidence
That Glucose Ingestion Inhibits Net Renal
Tubular Reabsorption of Calcium and
Magnesium." Journal of Clinical Nutrition
70, 1967, pp. 236-245.
18. H. Ed Taub, ed.
"Sugar Weakens Eyesight." VM
Newsletter 5, May 1986.
19. Richard Wurtman.
University of California, Berkeley, Newsletter
6, No. 3, December 1989, pp.4-5.
20 .William Dufty. Sugar
Blues. (New York: Warner Books,1975.)
21. Ibid.
22. J. Lewis. "Health
Briefings." Fort Worth Star Telegram, June
11, 1990.
23. Katz RJ , Ratner RE ,
Cohen RM , Eisenhower E , Verme D Are insulin
and proinsulin independent risk markers for
premature coronary artery disease ? Department
of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, George
Washington University School of Medicine,
Washington, DC 20037, USA. Diabetes 1996
Jun;45(6):736-41
24. Annette T. Lee, and
Anthony Cerami. "The Role of Glycation in
Aging." Annals of the New York Academy of
Science 663, pp. 6370. D.G. Dyer, et al.
"Accumulation of Maillard Reaction Products
in Skin Collagen in Diabetes and Aging."
Journal of Clinical Investigation 91, No. 6,
June 1993, pp. 421-422.
25. E. Abrahamson, and A.
Peget. Body, Mind and Sugar. (New York: Avon,
1977.)
26. W. Glinsmann, H. Irausquin,
and K. Youngmee. Report from FDA's Sugar Task
Force, 1986: Evaluation of Health Aspects of
Sugars Contained in Carbohydrate Sweeteners.
(Washington, DC: Center for Food Safety and
Applied Nutrition, 1986, p. 39.)
27. H. Keen, B. Thomas, R.
Jarrett, and J. Fuller. "Nutrient Intake,
Adiposity, and Diabetes." British Medical
Journal 6164, No. 1, March 10, 1979, pp.
655-658.
28. T. Cleave. Sweet and
Dangerous. (New York: Bantam Books, 1974, pp.
28-43.) B.G. Persson, et al. "Diet and
Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Epidemiology
3, No. 1, January 1992, pp. 47-51.
29. T. Cleave. Sweet and
Dangerous. (New York: Bantam Books, 1974, pp.
157-159.)
30. L. Darlington, Ramsey, and
Mansfield. "Placebo-Controlled, Blind Study
of Dietary Manipulation Therapy in Rheumatoid
Arthritis." Lancet 8475, No. 1, February
6,1986, pp.236-238.
31. Lawrence Powers.
"Sensitivity: You React to What You
Eat." Los Angeles Times, February 12, 1985.
32. W. Crook. The Yeast
Connection. (Jackson, TN: Professional Books,
1984.) 3
3. K. Heaton. "The Sweet
Road to Gallstones." British Medical
Journal 288, April 14, 1984, pp. 1103-1104.
34. N.J. Blacklock.
"Sucrose and Idiopathic Renal Stone."
Nutrition and Health 5, No. 1-2, 1987, pp. 9-17.
35. J. Yudkin. "Dietary
Fat and Dietary Sugar." Lancet, August 29,
1964, pp. 478-479.
36. T. Cleave. The Saccharine
Disease. (New Canaan, CT: Keats Publishing,
1974, p. 125.)
37. S. Erlander. "The
Cause and Cure of Multiple Sclerosis." The
Disease to End Disease 1, No. 3, March 3, 1979,
pp. 59-63.
38. T. Cleave. The Saccharine
Disease. (New Canann, CT: Keats Publishing,
1974, p. 45.)
39. T. Cleave, and G.
Campbell. Diabetes, Coronary Thrombosis and the
Saccharine Disease. (Bristol, England: John
Wright and Sons, 1960.)
40. K. Behall. "Influence
of Estrogen Content of Oral Contraceptives and
Consumption of Sucrose on Blood
Parameters." DiseaseAbstracts International
B. 43, 1982, p. 1437.
41. W. Glinsmann, H. Irausquin,
and K. Youngmee. Report from FDA's Sugar Task
Force, 1986: Evaluation of Health Aspects of
Sugars Contained in Carbohydrate Sweeteners.
(Washington, DC: Center for Food Safety and
Applied Nutrition, 1986, p. 39.)
42. Nancy Appleton. Lick the
Sugar Habit Bones. (Garden City Park, NY:
"Reaction of Monosaccharides Avery
Publishing Group, 1989, with Protein: Possible
Evolupp. 36-38.)
43. Schrezenmeir J
III.Hyperinsulinemia, hyperproinsulinemia and
insulin resistance in the metabolic syndrome.
Medical Clinic, Johannes-Gutenberg University,
Mainz, Germany. Experientia 1996 May
15;52(5):426-32
44. H. Beck-Nelson., O.
Pedersen, and Sorensen Schwartz. "Effects
of Diet on the Cellular Insulin Binding and the
Insulin Sensitivity in Young Healthy
Subjects." Diabetes 15, 1978, pp. 289-296.
45. H. Keen, B. Thomas, R.
Jarrett, and J. Fuller. "Nutritional
Factors in Diabetes Mellitus." J. Yudkin,
ed. Applied Science, 1977, pp. 89-108.
46. L. Gardner, and S. Reiser.
"Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate on Fasting
Levels of Human Growth Hormone and Cortisol."
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental
Biology and Medicine 169, 1982, pp. 3640.
47. S. Reiser. "Effects
of Dietary Sugars on Metabolic Risk Factors
Associated with Heart Disease." Nutritional
Health 3,1985, pp. 203-216
48. R. Hodges, and T. Rebello.
"Carbohydrates and Blood Pressure."
Annals of Internal Medicine 98, 1983, pp.
838-841.Insulin, hypertension and
antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: the
Rotterdam Study. Stolk RP , Hoes AW , Pols HA ,
Hofman A , de Jong PT , Lamberts SW , Grobbee DE
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam,The
Netherlands. J Hypertens 1996 Feb;14(2):237-42
49. J. Simmons. "Is the
Sand of Time Sugar?" Longevity, June 1990,
pp. 49-53. F. Bunn, and P.J. Higgins.
Significance." Science 213, July 10, 1981,
pp. 222-224. Anthony Cerarni, Helen Vlassara,
and Michael Brownlee. "Glucose and
Aging." Scientific American, May 1987,
p.90.
50 Nancy Appleton. Healthy
Bones. (Garden City Park, NY: Avery Publishing
Group, 1991.)
51.Jenkins DJ , Jenkins
ALNutrition principles and diabetes. A role for
"lente carbohydrate"? Department of
Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto,
Ontario,Canada. Diabetes Care 1995
Nov;18(11):1491- 8"Sucrose Induces Diabetes
in Cats." Federal Protocol 6, No. 97, 1974.
52.T. Cleave. The Saccharine
Disease. (New Canaan, CT: Keats Publishing,
1974, pp. 132-133.)
53. Ibid. 54. Ruth L. Caccaro,
and J. Stamle. "Relationship of Postload
Plasma Glucose to Mortality with a
Follow-Up." Diabetic Care 15, No. 10,
October 1992.
55. Annette T. Lee, and
Anthony Cerami. "Modifications of Proteins
and Nucleic Acids by Reducing Sugars: Possible
Role in Aging." Handbook of the Biology of
Aging. (New York: Academic Press, 1990.)
56. Suresh I.S. Rattan,
Anastasia Derventzi, and Brian Clark.
"Protein Synthesis, Post-translational
Modifications, and Aging." Annals of the
New York Academy of Sciences 663, 1992, pp. 48-
62.
57.V.M. Monnier. "Nonenzymatic
Glycosylation, the Maillard Reaction and the
Aging Process." Journal of Gerontology 45,
No. 4, 1990, pp. 105-110.
58. R Pamplona, M.J. Bellmunt,
M. Portero, and J. Prat "Mechanisms of
Glycation in Atherogenesis." Medical
Hypotheses 40, 1990, pp.174-181. 59. Ibid.
60. Nancy Appleton. Healthy
Bones. (Garden City Park, NY: Avery Publishing
Group, 1991.)
61. Annette T. Lee, and
Anthony Cerami. "The Role of Glycation in
Aging." Annals of theNew York Academy of
Science 663, pp.63-70.
62. Frances Sheridan Goulart.
"Are You Sugar Smart?" American
Fitness, March-April 1991, pp. 34-38.
63. Ibid.
64. Ibid.
65. Ibid. Kurt Greenberg.
"An Update on the Yeast Connection."
Health News and Review, Spring 1990, p. 10.
66. Frances Sheridan Goulart.
"Are You Sugar Smart?" American
Fitness, March-April 1991, pp. 34-38.
67. Ibid.
68. Ibid.
69. Ibid.
70. Landsberg L Insulin
sensitivity in the pathogenesis of hypertension
and hypertensive complications. Department of
Medicine, Northwestern University Medical
School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. Clin Exp
Hypertens 1996 Apr-May;18(3-4):337-46
71.Jonell Nash. "Health
Contenders." Essence 23, January 1992, pp.
79-81. E. Grand. "Food Allergies and
Migraine." Lancet 8126, No. 1, 1979, pp.
955-959.
72. Larry Christensen.
"The Role of Caffeine and Sugar in
Depression." The Nutrition Report 9, No. 3,
March 1991, pp. 17-24.
73. Ibid.
74. Shelton Reiser, J.
Hallfrisch, M. Fields, et al. "Effects of
Sugars on Indices on Glucose Tolerance in
Humans." American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition 43, 1986, pp. 151-159.
75. W. Kruis, G. Forstraier,
C. Scheurlen, and F. Stellaard. "Effects of
Diets Low and High in Refined Sugars on Gut
Transit, Bile Acid Metabolism and Bacterial
Fermentation." Gut 32, 1991, pp. 367-370.
76. John Yudkin.
"Metabolic Changes Induced by Sugar in
Relation to Coronary Heart Disease and
Diabetes." Nutrition and Health 5, No.1-2,
1987, pp. 5-8.
77. Ibid.
78.Craft S , Newcomer J ,
Kanne S , Dagogo-Jack S , Cryer P , Sheline Y ,
Luby J , Dagogo-Jack A, Alderson A Memory
improvement following induced hyperinsulinemia
in Alzheimer's disease. Department of
Psychology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
63130, USA. Neurobiol Aging 1996
Jan-Feb;17(1):123-30
74. Christensen, Larry,
"The Role of Caffeine and Sugar in
Depression," THE NUTRITION REPORT 9 NO. 3
(March 1991): 17,24.
75. Ibid.
76. Cornee, J. et al., "A
Case-control Study of Gastric Cancer and
Nutritional Factors in Marseille, France,"
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 11, (1995):
55-65. JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 11, (1995):
55-65.
77. Yudkin, J. SWEET AND
DANGEROUS. New York: Bantam Books, (1974): 129
78. Yudkin, John, SWEET AND
DANGEROUS. New York: Bantam Books, (1974): 141
79. Reiser, Shelton,
Hallfrisch J, Fields M, et al., Effects of
Sugars on Indices on Glucose Tolerance in
Humans,"AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL
NUTRITION 43 (1986): 151-159.
80. Ibid.
81. Kruis, W., Forstraier, G.,
Scheurlen C., and Stellaard F., "Effects of
Diets Low and High in Refined Sugars on Gut
Transit, Bile Acid Metabolism and Bacterial
Fermentation, GUT 32 (1991): 367-370.
82. Bostick R. M., Potter, J.
D., Kushi L. H., et al, "Sugar Meat, and
Fat Intake, and Non-dietary Risk Factors for
Colon Cancer Incidence in Iowa Women,"
CANCER CAUSES AND CONTROL 5 (1994):38-52.
83. Persson B. G., Ahlbom, A.,
and Hellers, G., EPIDEMIOLOGY 3n no.1 (1992):
47-51.
84. Yudkin, John,
"Metabolic Changes Induced by Sugar in
Relation to Coronary Heart Disease and
Diabetes," NUTRITION AND HEALTH 5, no. 1-2
(1987): 5-8.
85. Ibid.
86. Blacklock, N. J.,
"Sucrose and Idiopathic Renal Stone,"
NUTRITION AND HEALTH 5, no. 1-2 (1987): 9-17.
Curhan, Gary et al, “Beverage Use and Risk for
kidney Stones in Women, ANNALS OF INTERNAL
MEDICINE, 1998, 128: 534-340.
87. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED
MEDICINE, 1994 7(1): 51-58
88. Ibid
89. Ibid
90. POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE
,Sept 1969: 45(527):602-07. 91. Moerman, Clara
J. etc., INTERNAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY April
1993:22(2)207-214.
92. Ibid. 93. JOURNAL OF
NUTRITION 1997; 127: 1113-1117.
94. Ibid.
95. R. M. Bostick, J. T.
Potter, et al. "Sugar, Meat and Fat Intake,
and Non-Dietary risk factors for Colon Cancer
Incidence in Iowa Women." CANCER CAUSES
CONTROL, 5, 38-53, 1994.
96. Ibid.
97. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION, 127,
1997; 1113-1117.
98. Ibid.
99. Moerman, Clara et
al.,"Dietary Sugar Intake in the Etiology
of Biliary Tract Cancer," INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY 22 no. 2 (1993):
207-214.
100. "Sugar, white floor
Withdrawal Produces Chemical Response," THE
ADDICTION LETTER (July 1992):4.
101. Ibid.
102. THE EDELL HEALTH LETTER
Sept '91; 10:7(1)
103. Bernstein, J, et. al,
"Depression of Lymphosyte Transformation
Following Oral Glucose Ingestion." AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, 30, 613, 1977.
104. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL
PSYCHOLOGY No. 85,1985.
105. NUTRITIONAL HEALTH
REVIEW, Fall 85
106. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD
PSYCHOLOGY, 12/86, Vol. 14, No. 4: (567-577).
107. PEDIATRICS RESEARCH 38,
4, (1995): 539-542.
108. Makinen KK; Hujoel PP;
Bennett CA; Isokangas P; Isotupa K; Pape HR Jr;
M?akinen PL, “A Descriptive Report of the
Effects of a 16-month Xylitol Chewing-gum
Programme Subsequent to a 40-month Sucrose Gum
Programme.” CARIES RES, 32(2):107-12 1998
The list was contributed by
Nancy Appleton, Ph.D. who has a web site at www.nancyappleton.com.
Reprinted via Mercola.com
She is also the author of the
book Lick The Sugar Habit.

